ANSWER
THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OFHEALTH AND
FAMILY WELFARE
(SHRI FAGGAN SINGH KULASTE)
(a): Yes, there is an increase in cancer cases in country as per Indian Council of Medical Research’s National cancer Registry data. The details of estimated number of new cancer patients and deaths due to cancer in various states /Union Territories (including State of Uttar Pradesh) for the last three years are given in Annexure 1 and Annexure 2 respectively.
(b) & (c): The increase in the number of cancer cases in the country may be attributed to larger number of ageing population, unhealthy life styles, use of tobacco and tobacco products, unhealthy diet, better diagnostic facilities etc.
As reported by ICMR, it is difficult to quantify the cases that can be prevented as cancer is a disease of multi factorial origin and could be due to various risk factors. However, increased access to vaccination for cancer preventable through vaccine such as Hepatitis B virus reduces the risk of hepatocellular cancer.
As reported by ICMR as per “Consolidated Report on Hospital Based Cancer Registry: 2012-14”, it is estimated that approximately 17% patients report when the disease has spread throughout the body which is the end stage of disease.
The cancer survival rate is generally believed to depend upon amongst others, stage at diagnosis, stage of initiation of treatment, type and site of Cancer, correct and complete treatment.
(d): Central Government supplements the efforts of the State Government for improving healthcare including prevention, diagnosis and treatment of Cancer. At present, the objectives of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) being implemented under National Health Mission (NHM) for interventions upto the district level includes awareness generation for Cancer prevention, screening, early detection and referral to an appropriate level institution for treatment. The focus of the programme is on Breast, Cervical and Oral Cancer.
Operational guidelines have been released for prevention, control and screening of Diabetes, Hypertension and common Cancer (Cervix, Breast and Oral) to the States for implementation. The screening includes screening for risk factors of these diseases. Such screening will also generate awareness on risk factors of these diseases. Breast self examination is also promoted for early detection of breast cancer
Screening for cervical cancer is by Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) technique. Suspected cases are to be referred for confirmatory diagnosis by various tests including histo-pathological biopsy. Electronic and Print media is utilized for health awareness for cancer.
Government of India has approved “Tertiary Care for Cancer” Scheme under NPCDCS in the year 2013-14. Under the said scheme, Government of India assists to establish/set up State Cancer Institutes (SCI) and Tertiary Care Cancer Centres (TCCC) in different parts of the country. These institutions will mentor all Cancer related activities including prevention, awareness generation, research and treatment in their respective jurisdiction.
In addition to Cancer diagnosis and treatment by the State Governments Health Institutes, the Central Government Institutions such as All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Safdurjung Hospital, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, PGIMER Chandigarh, JIPMER Puducherry, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, etc. provide facilities for diagnosis and treatment of Cancer.
Oncology in its various aspects has focus in case of new AIIMS and many upgraded institutions under Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojna (PMSSY). Setting up of National Cancer Institute at Jhajjar (Haryana) and 2nd campus of Chittranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata has also been approved and the work has started.
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