(a) whether the human development index of the Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) is lower than the national human development index;
(b) if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor; and
(c) the steps taken by the Government to improve the said human development index of SCs and STs?
MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND MINISTER OF STATE FOR MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND MINISTRY OF HOUSING & URBAN POWERTY ALLEVIATION
(RAO INDERJIT SINGH)
(a)&(b) The Human Development Indices (HDIs) of Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs) with respect to poverty ratio, literacy rate, school dropout rate, health indicators, etc. is presented in respective tables in Annexure-I. The data in the Annexure show that there has been gradual improvement in the Human Development Indices of SCs and STs over the years, even if there are gaps in these and all India indices. The main reasons for the gaps are poverty and its vicious circle, illiteracy, dependence largely on wage labour etc., which the Government has been addressing through various socio-economic and educational development programmes.
(c) Reduction of gap in the HDIs amongst SCs, STs and other social groups has always been the priority of socio-economic development policy and Government is committed to it. A large number of programmes are already in operation and the aim is to improve implementation through close monitoring and transparency so that the gaps in HDIs are reduced.
There are major on-going programmes exclusively for SCs and STs implemented respectively by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment and Ministry of Tribal Affairs. The concerned Central Ministries and Departments also have earmarked “Allocations for the Welfare of SCs and STs”, details of which are available in Statement 10-A for SCs and 10-B for STs in the Union Expenditure Budget 2017-18. The total “Allocation for the Welfare of SCs” has increased from Rs. 38833 crore (BE) in 2016-17 to Rs. 52393 crore (BE) in 2017-18 i.e. an increase of 35 per cent. Similarly, the total allocation for the welfare of STs has increased from Rs. 24005 (BE) crore in 2016-17 to Rs. 31920 crore (BE) 2017-18 i.e. an increase of 33 per cent. Up to 2016-17 scheme-wise/Ministry-wise funds earmarked for SCs and STs were shown in Statement 21 and 21-A of the Expenditure Budget Volume-I under Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan (SCSP) and Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) respectively.
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Annexure-I
Annexure referred to in reply to part (a) and (b) of Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 6354 to be answered on 12.04.2017 regarding Human Development Index by Shri Vishnu Dayal Ram and Shri Yogi Aditya Nath, Members, Lok Sabha.
Table-1: Incidence of Poverty across Social Groups
Social Groups Rural Urban
2004-05 2009-10 2011-12 2004-05 2009-10 2011-12
SCs 53.53 42.26 31.50 40.56 34.11 21.70
STs 62.28 47.37 45.30 35.52 30.38 24.10
Total (All India) 41.79 33.80 25.40 25.68 20.09 13.70
Source: Planning Commission.
Table-2: Health Indicators for social groups (per 1000 live births)
Year NFHS-1 (1992-93) NFHS-2 (1998-99) NFHS-3 (2005-06)
Key Indicators/ Social groups SCs STs Total (All India) SCs STs Total (All India) SCs STs Total (All India)
Infant Mortality 107.0 90.5 86.3 83.0 84.2 73.0 66.4 62.1 57.0
Neo-Natal Mortality 63.1 54.6 52.7 53.2 53.3 47.7 46.3 39.9 39.0
Child Mortality 46.9 49.1 35.5 39.5 46.3 30.6 23.2 35.8 18.4
Under Five Mortality 149.0 135.2 118.8 119.3 126.6 101.4 88.1 95.7 74.3
Source: National Family Health Survey, from 1992-93 to 2005-06.
Table-3: Literacy rate of Social Groups
Social Groups 1981 1991 2001 2011
SCs 21.38 37.41 54.69 66.07
STs 16.35 29.60 47.10 58.96
Total (All India) 43.57 52.21 64.84 74.00
Source: Census data.
Table-4: School Dropout Rate for Social Groups on All India (Class-IX-X)
Classes 1990-91 2000-01 2009-10 2013-14
SCs I-V 49.4 45.2 29.3 16.6
I-VIII 67.8 63.6 52 38.8
I-X 85 72.7 59 50.1
STs I-V 62.5 52.3 34.5 31.3
I-VIII 78.6 68.7 57.8 48.2
I-X 85 81.2 75.2 62.4
Total (All India) I-V 42.6 40.7 30.3 19.8
I-VIII 60.9 53.7 42.5 36.3
I-X 71.3 68.6 52.7 47.4
Source: Educational Statistics at Glance 2014, MHRD
Table-5: Unemployment Rate (UR) of persons aged 15 years and above according to Annual Employment and Unemployment Survey (UES)
(in percent)
Social Groups 2nd EUS (July,2011) 3rd EUS (October, 2012) 4th EUS (December,2013) 5th EUS (August, 2016)
SCs 3.2 4.5 4.6 5.0
STs 2.6 3.6 4.5 4.4
Total (All India) 3.8 4.7 4.9 5.0
Source: Labour Bureau, M/o Labour and Employment (Usual Principal Status UPS approach).
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