Question : Modern Indian Languages

(a) whether the Government is aware of the Resolution passed in 1968 to implement
Three Language Formula (TLF) in all the schools for the study of a South Indian languages in
the schools in Hindi belt in the country;
(b) if so, whether the said objectives of the TLF are still being considered by the Government
while implementing the language policy for schools, if so, the details thereof and if not, the
reasons therefor;
(c) if so, the number of schools in the Hindi speaking areas teaching one of the South
Indian language, State/ District-wise along with the number of students learned that language;
(d) the number of schools in non-Hindi speaking areas teaching Hindi in schools as per the said
Resolution, State/District-wise along with the number of students learned Hindi;
(e) whether it is true that Hindi and Sanskrit are taught mandatorily to the students of classes VI
to VIII in all the Kendriya Vidyalayas in accordance with the said formula and if so, the details
thereof; and
(f) whether the Government has any proposal to implement the said Resolution effectively in the
country and if so, the response of the Government in this regard and if not, the other steps taken/
proposed to be taken by the Government in this regard ?

MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
(SHRI UPENDRA KUSHWAHA)

(a) & (b) In order to encourage the study of modern Indian Languages and to promote
harmony and equality among Indian Languages in the area of school education, the Government
has adopted the ‘Three Language Formula’, as recommended in the National Policy on
Education (NPE), 1968. The Three Language Formula is as under:
o The First Language to be studied must be the mother tongue or the regional language
o The Second Language
- In Hindi speaking states, the second language will be some other modern Indian
language or English, and
- In non-Hindi speaking states, the second language will be Hindi or English.
o The Third language
- In Hindi speaking states, the third language will be English or a modern Indian language
not studied as the second language, and
- In non-Hindi speaking states, the third language will be English or a modern
Indian language not studied as the second language.
(c) & (d) Education, being a subject in the Concurrent List of the Constitution and a substantial
majority of schools being under the jurisdiction of the State/Union Territory Governments, it is
for the respective State/Union Territory Governments to decide the language to be taught in their
schools as per the Three Language Formula. No data regarding the language taught in schools in
States/ Union Territories is collected and maintained centrally.
(e) Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan has informed that Hindi, English and Sanskrit are taught
mandatorily to all the students of classes VI to VIII in all Kendriya Vidyalayas. Sanskrit has
been designated as the third language in Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (for classes VI to VIII)
owing to the wide spread of the organization, and also in order to maintain uniformity.
(f) The Three Language Formula is implemented ‘in principle’ in all the States and Union
Territories except the State of Tamil Nadu.
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