Will the Minister of URBAN DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:
(a) whether the migration from villages to cities is increasing and it is expected to increase more in future;
(b) if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor along with the migration data of last two Census, State-wise;
(c) whether the Government has prepared or proposes to prepare any policy to check rural migration from rural areas; and
(d) if so, the details thereof and if not, the reasons therefor?
THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
(SHRI BABUL SUPRIYO)
(a): Net rural-urban migration has come down from 21.7 per cent in 1981-91 to 21 per cent in 1991-2001. However, in absolute terms, the number of migrants moving from villages to cities has increased in India. The details are in Annexure 1. The migration from rural to urban areas is expected to increase in future due to rapid urbanization and availability of employment in construction and service sectors.
(b): About 39.9 million (excluding Jammu and Kashmir) people moved from rural to urban areas within the country in 1991 which increased to 51.7 million (including Jammu and Kashmir) in 2001 according to Census of India. Reasons for migration and State-wise detail of rural to urban migrants for 1991 and 2001 is given in Annexure 2 and 3 respectively.
(c)& (d): Migration is a natural phenomenon related to social and economic development. The Government supports urban development as well as rural development initiatives by way of schemes and programmes offering financial assistance to State Governments to improve infrastructure and Governance for both. In particular, Schemes of Ministry of Rural Development like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA) offered assured wage employment to prevent any distress migration.
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Annexure-2
Table 1: Rural to Urban Migrants by Reasons of Migration in 1991 and 2001
Reasons of Migration 1991 2001 Percentage Share 1991 Percentage Share 2001
Employment 8,445,922 13,538,079 21.2 26.2
Business 1,968,942 1,100,721 4.9 2.1
Education 1,675,419 1,241,752 4.2 2.4
Family Moved 9,455,838 12,856,764 23.7 24.9
Marriage 12,855,899 14,575,030 32.2 28.2
Natural Calamities like Drought etc. 143,387 - 0.4 -
Moved after Birth - 2,576,144 - 5.0
Others 5,364,457 5,797,866 13.4 11.2
Total Migrants 39,909,864 51,686,356 100.0 100.0
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Source: Census of India, 1991 and 2001
NOTE: The figure for 1991 excludes Jammu and Kashmir
State-wise detail of rural to urban migrants for 1991 and 2001 is provided in Annex 2.
Annexure-3
A2: State-wise Number of Rural to Urban Migrants in India in 1991 and 2001
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States/Union Territories 1991 2001
Andhra Pradesh 3,963,116 3,222,032
Arunachal Pradesh 39,183 83,935
Assam 549,433 674,172
Bihar 2,728,934 1,471,701
Chhattisgarh NA 1,099,646
Goa 100,119 182,834
Gujarat 3,317,379 4,535,522
Haryana 871,586 1,542,048
Himachal Pradesh 143,261 216,539
Jammu and Kashmir No Census 265,834
Jharkhand NA 1,338,986
Karnataka 2,356,597 2,824,217
Kerala 1,258,128 1,353,651
Madhya Pradesh 3,538,969 2,905,536
Maharashtra 6,374,614 10,527,021
Manipur 18,717 29,594
Meghalaya 48,730 45,825
Mizoram 39,549 95,929
Nagaland 37,984 63,621
Orissa 1,103,362 1,491,608
Punjab 1,086,271 1,530,982
Rajasthan 1,697,831 1,960,516
Sikkim 8,188 16,892
Tamil Nadu 2,581,993 2,492,134
Tripura 54,571 89,489
Uttarakhand NA 494,562
Uttar Pradesh 3,390,796 4,014,946
West Bengal 2,727,946 3,405,729
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 26,669 37,560
Chandigarh 142,436 266,368
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 3,630 18,781
Daman and Diu 4,424 6,652
Delhi 1,616,665 3,263,748
Lakshadweep 2,990 4,093
Pondicherry 75,793 113,653
India 39,909,864 51,686,356
Source: Census of India, 1991 and 2001
NOTE: NA: Not Applicable
The 1991 figure for India excludes Jammu and Kashmir
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Annexure-1
Disaggregation of Total Incremental Urban Population into Components
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Component Percentage Distribution
1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1991-2001
Total increase
(a) Natural increase on base year population and on intercensal migrants
(b) Population of new towns less declassified towns
(c) Net rural-urban migration
(d) Increase due to expansion in urban areas and merging of towns 30.2
64.6
13.8
18.7
2.9 49.9
51.3
14.8
19.6
14.2 57.7
61.3
9.4
21.7
7.6 67.7
59.4
6.2
21.0
13.0
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Source: Computed from NSSO 43rd round, 1987-8; 49th round, 1993; 55th round (1999).
India Urban Poverty Report, 2009, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Oxford Publications
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