MINISTER OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, MINISTER OF EARTH SCIENCES AND
MINISTER OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
(DR. HARSH VARDHAN)
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(a) As per the latest available statistics, India’s spending on Research and Development (R&D) is consistently increasing and has nearly tripled from Rs. 39,437.77 crore in 2007-08 to Rs. 1,13,825.03 crore in 2017-18. India is ranked among the top 10 countries of the world in R&D investment in terms of US$ Purchasing Power Parity (PPP).
(b) Yes, Sir. The Government has consistently increased the allocation of funds for investment in R&D in the country. The progressive expenditure for six Major Scientific Agencies for the last three years is as under:
( in Rs. Crore)
Agencies 2017-18 2018-19# 2019-20*
Department of Science & Technology (DST) 4595.73 4912.54 5480.93
Department of Scientific & Industrial Research/
Council of Scientific Research (DSIR/CSIR) 4618.83 4548.78 4883.24
Department of Bio-Technology (DBT) 2331.42 2379.10 2381.10
Department of Space (DOS) 9127.16 11188.37 13139.26
Department of Atomic Energy (R&D Sector) 5786.35 5715.54 6502.80
Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) 1541.47 1726.10 1809.70
Total 28000.96 30470.43 34197.03
Source: Demands for Grants of Central Government, Expenditure Budget, GoI (various years)
Note: # - Budget Estimate ; *- Estimated
(c) & (d): As per the latest available UNESCO S&T Statistics, the number of research scientists per million people in India is lower than countries such as Korea, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia and China but higher than Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka etc. in Asia. Details of Asian countries in terms of number of research scientists per million people is Annexed.
The Government has taken various steps to encourage scientific research activities in the country such as successive increase in plan allocations for scientific departments, setting up of new institutions for science, education and research, creation of Centres of Excellence and facilities in emerging and frontline areas of S&T in academic and national institutions, operation of schemes such as Fund for Improvement of Science and Technology Infrastructure (FIST); Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facilities (SAIF), Visiting Advanced Joint Research (VAJRA) Faculty Scheme for distinguished overseas scientists and academicians including Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs), Overseas Visiting Doctoral Fellowship (OVDF), Prime Minister’s research fellowships, Teacher Associate-ship for Research Excellence (TARE) and Distinguished Investigator Award (DIA), Department of Bio-Technology-The World Academy of Sciences (DBT-TWAS) International fellowships and providing substantial grant to potential scientists through extramural research funding etc.
(e) The number of patent for new innovations granted) to Indian scientists at Indian Patent Office (IPO) during each of the last three years is as under:
Patent granted 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
5408 8532 1937
Source: Annual Report(s) of the Controller General of Patents, Design and Trade Marks
ANNEXURE
Scientists/Researchers per Million People in Asian countries
Country Researchers Per Million Population Reference Year
Republic of Korea 7498 2017
Japan 5304 2017
Singapore 2795 2017
Malaysia 2396 2016
United Arab Emirates 2379 2016
Iran 1475 2017
Thailand 1379 2017
China 1225 2017
Vietnam 708 2017
Kazakhstan 667 2018
Jordan 596 2017
Qatar 584 2015
Kuwait 514 2018
Uzbekistan 476 2018
Bahrain 369 2014
Pakistan 336 2017
India 255 2017
Oman 236 2018
Indonesia 216 2018
Iraq 106 2017
Philippines 106 2015
Sri Lanka 106 2015
Cambodia 30 2015
Source: 1. Data extracted on March 17, 2020 from UIS Statistics
2. Research & Development Statistics 201920, DST, GoI.
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