MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS (SHRI BABU LAL MARANDI)
(a)&(b) The present level of pollution in the metro and other major cities of the country exhibits an increasing levels of air, noise and water pollution due to urbanization and industrialization. Details are given in the following tables(I-III):-
TABLE-I
STATUS OF AIR QUALITY IN METRO CITIES
Annual Mean Concentration Pollution level
Range (ug/m3) Industrial Residential
SO2 & NO2 SPM SO2 & NO2 SPM
Low (L) 0-40 0-180 0-30 0-70
Moderate(M) 40-80 180-360 30-60 70-140
High(H) 80-120 360-540 60-90 140-210
Critical (C) >120 >540 >90 >210
STATUS
S.No. City SO2 NO2 SPM/RSPM
1 Ahmedabad L M M-H
2 Bangalore L M-H M-H
3 Bhopal L M M
4 Calcutta M M-H H-C
5 Chennai L M M-H
6 Delhi L M H-C
7 Hyderabad L M M-H
8 Indore L L M-H
9 Jaipur L L-M M-H
10 Kanpur L-M L-M M-H
11 Kochi M M M-H
12 Lucknow L L-M M-H
13 Ludhiana L M H-C
14 Mumbai M M-H H-C
15 Nagpur L L-M M
16 Patna L M M-H
17 Surat M-H M M-H
18 Vadodara M M M-H
19 Visakhapatnam M M M-H
(Source : Central Pollution Control Board)
TABLE-II
AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS IN CITIES (All values expressed in decibels)
CITIES RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL SENSITIVE INDUSTRIAL
DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT
Bhopal 60 44 75 57 73 42 68 47
Bangalore 59-75 37-59 68-81 46-64 58-74 63-86 42-65
Calcutta 76-86 58-76 70-90 57-78 69-89 65-70 75-82 53-70
Chennai 57-84 45-50 74-80 69-71 46-70 47-50 69-76 63-69
Delhi 53-71 63-75 62-68 65-81
Dehradun 50 38 70 50 58 42 50 45
Hyderabad 56-73 40-50 67-84 58-73 62-78 51-67 44-77 42-70
Jaipur 46-82 43-78 64-88 51-80 60-75 55-66 59-81 48-78
Kanpur 49-69 39-59 68-82 57-76 47-61 35-57 63-78 57-63
Kochi 70 51 85 56 72 51 70 61
Lucknow 55 50 70 58 50 40 60 58
Mumbai 45-81 45-68 63-81 60-75 58-77 46-66 73-79 56-72
Varanasi 50 40 70 50 55 40 50 50
Vizag. 74 59 85 70 75 57 75 51
(Source: Central Pollution Control Board)
Table-III
Waste water Generation, Collection, Treatment in Metro Cities
Sl.No. Name of metro-city Vol.of waste water Waste water Waste water Treatment gene-rated(mld) collected (mld)
1. Ahmedabad 556.0 430.0 Most of the cities have
2. Bangalore 400.0 290.0 only partial waste water
3. Bhopal 189.3 87.0 treatment facilities.
4. Calcutta 1432.2 -
5. Chennai 276.0 257.0
6. Delhi 1270.0 981.0
7 Hyderabad 348.3 115.0
8. Indore 145.0 14.0
9. Jaipur 220.0 27.0
10. Kanpur 200.0 41.0
11. Mumbai 2456.0 109.0
12. Nagpur 204.8 45.0
13. Patna 219.0 105.0
14. Pune 432.0 170.0
15. Surat 140.0 70.0
16. Vadodara 120.0 81.0
17. Varanasi 170.0 101.0
TOTAL 9275.0 2923.0
(Source: Central Pollution Control Board)
(c) The Government has taken various steps to control pollution in the metropolitan/major cities of the country which include the following:-
(i) Effluent and emission standards have been notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to check pollution.
(ii) Highly polluting industries have been directed to install necessary pollution control equipment in a time bound basis and legal action has been initiated against the defaulting units.
(iii) A scheme of common effluent treatment plants has been launched by the Ministry of Environment & Forests for establishment of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) for small scale industries which are unable to have individual effluent treatment plants. 88 CETPs have been sanctioned and are at various stages of implementation.
(iv) Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 1994 is in force governing environmental appraisal of 29 specified categories of developmental projects.
(v) A systematic programme to introduce lead free petrol and low sulphur diesel all over the country had been carried out. The leaded petrol has been introduced in the country w.e.f.1.2.2000. Low sulphur fuel is now available in the country. An integrated approach has been adopted to control vehicular pollution.
(vi) 24 critically polluted areas have been identified. Action Plans have been drawn up for restoration of environmental quality in these areas.
(vii) The conceptual framework of eco-cities has been evolved and a programme to transform the existing cities into eco-cities has been taken up for seven cities.
(d) The details of the Action Plans to deal with the pollution problems effectively include the following:-
(i) National Environmental Action Plan for Control of Pollution has been prepared to control pollution from various sources such as industrial, domestic, vehicular, agriculture and noise. It also envisages the implementation of time bound programmes entailing coordinated inter-departmental strategies.
(ii) City specific Action Plans to control pollution in the mega cities of Delhi, Mumbai and Calcutta have been prepared and are being implemented to control pollution problems. Action plan to control pollution in Chennai has been prepared and is being finalized.
(iii) Action plans have also been prepared for pollution control in the cities of Guwahati and Kanpur. On the basis of the land use and pollution status of the Kanpur city, an Urban Management Plan has been devised based on zoning concept, which is being implemented by the local authorities.
