MINISTER OF EDUCATION
(SHRIRAMESH POKHRIYAL ‘NISHANK’)
(a): As per Analysis of Budgeted Expenditure on Education 2017-18 Report, the expenditure on Education during last six years is as follows:
(Rs. in crore)
Year 2012-13
(Actual) 2013-14
(Actual) 2014-15
(Actual) 2015-16
(Actual) 2016-17 (RE) 2017-18 (BE)
Expenditure on Education (In crores)
368132.87
430878.82
506849.14
577792.52
664264.52
756945
(b):As per R&D Expenditure Eco system Report 2019 by EAC-PM, India’s investment in R&D has shown a consistently increasing trend over the years. The Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD), has tripled in the last decade in nominal terms from Rs. 24,117 crores in 2004-05 to Rs. 85,326 crores in 2014-15 and an estimated Rs.1,04,864 crores in 2016-17 and double in real terms. However, as a fraction of GDP, public expenditure on R&D has been stagnant over the past two decades. It has remained constant at around 0.6% to 0.7% of GDP. An outlay of Rs.50,000 crore over 5 years has been announced in the Union Budget 2021 for National Research Foundation (NRF). It will ensure that the overall research ecosystem of the country is strengthened with focus on identified national-priority thrust areas.
(c)&(d): In order to achieve the target of 50% Gross Enrolment Ratio in Higher Education by 2035 and 100% in Secondary School by 2030, NEP 2020 provides a framework of actionable points which includes following:
I. Ensuring Universal Access at All Levels of schooling from pre-primary school to Grade 12;
II. Ensuring quality early childhood care and education for all children between 3-6 years;
III. New Curricular and Pedagogical Structure (5+3+3+4);
IV. No hard separations between arts and sciences, between curricular and extra-curricular activities, between vocational and academic streams;
V. Establishing National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy;
VI. Emphasis on promoting multilingualism and Indian languages; the medium of instruction until at least Grade 5, but preferably till Grade 8 and beyond, will be the home language/mother tongue/local language/regional language.
VII. Assessment reforms - Board Exams up to two occasions during any given school year, one main examination and one for improvement, if desired;
VIII. Equitable and inclusive education - Special emphasis given on Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups(SEDGs);
IX. A separate Gender Inclusion fund and Special Education Zones for disadvantaged regions and groups;
X. Robust and transparent processes for recruitment of teachers and merit based performance;
XI. Holistic Multidisciplinary Education with multiple entry/exit options;
XII. NTA to offer Common Entrance Exam for Admission to HEIs;
XIII. Setting up of Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities(MERUs);
XIV. Expansion of open and distance learning to increase GER.
XV. Internationalization of Education
XVI. Professional Education will be an integral part of the higher education system. Stand-alone technical universities, health science universities, legal and agricultural universities, or institutions in these or other fields, will aim to become multi-disciplinary institutions.
XVII. Establishing a National Mission for Mentoring.
XVIII. Creation of an autonomous body,the National Educational Technology Forum (NETF) to provide a platform for the free exchange of ideas on the use of technology to enhance learning, assessment, planning, administration. Appropriate integration of technology into all levels of education.
XIX. Achieving 100% youth and adult literacy.
XX. Multiple mechanisms with checks and balances will combat and stop the commercialization of higher education.
XXI. The Centre and the States will work together to increase the public investment in Education sector to reach 6% of GDP at the earliest.
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