ANSWER
THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND
FAMILY WELFARE
(SHRI ASHWINI KUMAR CHOUBEY)
(a) & (b): The list of the 131 indicators for which data are given in the recently released NFHS-5 Phase-I Fact sheets for 22 States/UTs and its comparative analysis with NFHS-2015-16 data for these 22 States/UTs can be accessed from http://rchiips.org/NFHS/factsheet_NFHS-5.shtml.
(c): Public Health and hospitals, being a State subject, the primary responsibility of providing accessible, affordable and quality healthcare, upgradation and strengthening of existing health facilities lies with the State Governments. Under the National Health Mission (NHM), however, financial and technical support is provided to States/UTs for strengthening their healthcare systems including for expansion of its public health institutions as well as for deployment of human resources to cater to public health services to all citizen based on the proposals received from States/UTs through Programme Implementation Plan (PIP).
(d) & (e): As per National Family Health Survey 2015-16 (NFHS-4), percentage of Children under 5 years who are underweight (weight-for-age) was 35.8% whereas percentage of women whose Body Mass Index (BMI) is below normal was 22.9%.
Government of India has undertaken various programme and interventions to improve the maternal and child health status. Some of the key programme interventions are as follows:
• Surakshit Matritva Ashwasan (SUMAN) aims to provide assured, dignified, respectful and quality healthcare to every woman and new born visiting the public health facility.
• Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), a demand promotion and conditional cash transfer scheme which aims at promoting institutional delivery.
• Since 2018, the Anaemia Mukt Bhaarat (AMB) strategy is in place with the objective of reducing anaemia prevalence among children, adolescents and women in reproductive age group. The 6x6x6 strategy under AMB implies six age groups, six interventions and six institutional mechanisms. The strategy focuses on ensuring supply chain, demand generation and strong monitoring using the dashboard for addressing anaemia, both due to nutritional and nonnutritional causes.
• Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) under which every pregnant woman is entitled to free delivery, including caesarean section, in public health institutions along with the provision of free transport, diagnostics, medicines, other consumables & diet.
• Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) provides a minimum package of antenatal care services including investigations and drugs on the 9th day of every month.
• Community Outreach is envisaged through the Monthly Village Health, Sanitation and Nutrition Days (VHSND) for provision of maternal and child care services.
• Regular IEC/BCC is also a part of all the schemes for greater demand generation
• Promotion of appropriate infant and young child feeding practices that include early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months of age through ASHA worker and health care provider at health facilities is promoted under Mothers'' Absolute Affection (MAA) programme.
• Nutrition Education, Village Health and Nutrition Days (VHND) are monthly days held at village level in Anganwadi centres to increase the awareness and bring about desired changes in the dietary practices (including iron rich food) and promotion of breastfeeding;
• Under the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) and Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK), systematic efforts are undertaken to detect nutritional deficiency including anaemia among children and adolescents respectively;
• To increase awareness about use of ORS and Zinc in diarrhoea, an Intensified Diarrhoea Control Fortnight (IDCF) is being observed during monsoon season with the ultimate aim of ''zero child deaths due to childhood diarrhoea''.
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