Dr. Pronab Sen, Secretary, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India today released the Final results of the Economic Census 2005 in NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi-110012.
The Central Statistical Organization (CSO) in the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation conducted the Fifth Economic Census during 2005-06 in collaboration with Directorate of Economics and Statistics throughout the country in all the States and Union Territories. It covers all establishments as per National Industrial Classification (NIC) – 2004 excluding crop production and plantation. The field work was completed in all the States/UTs during the year except Bihar and Andaman & Nicobar Islands, due to Tsunami rehabilitation work and it was completed by early March, 2006. Economic Census provides not only an updated sampling frame for detailed follow-up surveys but also provides basic entrepreneurial data on number of establishments/enterprises and employment therein relating to different sectors of the economy including unorganized sector for the for the purpose of planning, development etc.
Incidentally, the first Economic Census was conducted in 1977 followed by 1980, 1990 and 1998.
With a view to improve the quality of data generated through Fifth Economic Census, the following new initiatives were introduced:-
(i) A house listing schedule was canvassed to collect data on the types of structures occupied by establishments.
(ii) A separate address slip was canvassed to collect data on the establishments employing 10 or more workers for compilation of a directory of larger establishments.
(iii) For the first time, Intelligence Character Recognition (ICR) Technology was adopted in collaboration with the Office of the Registrar General of India for foolproof data transcription.
Data on following parameters were collected in Fifth Economic Census:-
A. Establishments (according to States/UTs and Rural-Backward break up)
I. Agricultural Establishments (excluding crop production and plantation)/Non-agricultural Establishments in the country.
2. Establishments with hired workers/unpaid workers
3. Establishments with premises/without fixed premises
4. Establishments with power/without power
5. Establishments by major Economic Activities
6. Establishments by social group of owners
7. Establishments by their sources of finance
8. Types of Establishments under various kind of ownership
9. Establishments under various registrations
10. Names and addresses of Establishments with 10 or more workers.
B. Employment according to
1. Rural-Urban break up.
2. Hired workers/Unpaid workers.
3. Employment (Male/Female/Child) break up.
4. Employment by major activity-wise.
5. Employment by location.
a) The unit level data of 5th Economic Census will be available in CD from the Computer Centre attached to CSO at East Block 10, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-110066.
b) The publication will be available on sale from all outlets of the Controller of Publications, Government of India.
THE MAIN HIGHLIGHTS OF THE 5TH ECONOMIC
CENSUS CONDUCTED IN THE COUNTRY DURING 2005
As per Economic Census 2005, 41.83 million establishments, 25.54 million in Rural area and 16.29 million in Urban area operated during the year 2005. While the Non-agricultural establishments accounted for 35.75 million the agricultural establishments (excluding those engaged in crop production and plantation) accounted for 6.08 million.
Establishments registered a growth rate of 4.69% per annum (5.37% in Rural and 3.69% in urban) during the period 1998-2005 as their number increased from 30.35 million in 1998 (EC1998) to 41.83 million in 2005 (EC2005).
Non Agricultural establishments grew at the rate of 4.16% per annum (4.56% in Rural and 3.67% in Urban) at the same time Agricultural establishments grew at the rate of 8.32% per annum (8.62% in Rural and 4.42% in Urban) during 1998-2005.
26.94 million (64.41%) were Own Account Establishments (i.e. establishments without any hired worker) and the remaining 14.89 million (35.59%) were establishments with hired worker. Own Account Establishments grew at the rate of 3.36% per annum (4.18% in Rural and 1.83% in Urban) while the growth of establishments with hired workers was of the order of 7.50% per annum (8.83% in Rural and 6.30% in Urban) during the period 1998-2005.
Out of 41.83 million establishments around 39.61 million establishments were under private ownership. Around 7.54 million (18.03%) worked without any premises i.e. floating establishments, around 2.22 million (5.3%) were seasonal establishments. 76% of the establishments (31.74 million) worked without any power.
While Farming of Animals was the major Economic Activity (87%) pursued by the Agricultural Establishments, ‘retail trade’ (41.8%) followed by manufacturing (23.3%), and Other community, social and personal service (7.3%) were the dominant activities of the Non-Agricultural Establishments.
Around 100.9 million persons, 52.1 million in rural and 48.8 million in urban, were working in these 41.83 million establishments. While employment in own account establishments were of the order of 35.7 million the employment in establishments with hired workers were of the order of 65.2 million. Agricultural establishments provided employment to around 10.9 million persons at the same time the non agricultural establishments provided employment to around 90.0 million persons.
The growth rate of employment during 1998 to 2005 was of the order of 2.78% per annum (3.88% in rural and 1.70% in urban). This is considerably higher than the growth rate (1.75%) observed during 1990 to 1998.
Out of the total employment of 100.9 million 78.3 million (37.6 in rural and 40.7 million in urban) were male, 20.2 million (13.0 million in rural and 7.2 million inurban) were female and around 2.4 (1.5 million in rural and 0.9 million in urban) million were hildren.
Around 54.4 million persons (53.9%) were hired workers and the remaining 46.5 million were own account workers. Out of these hired workers 41.3 million were male, 11.6 mllion were female and 1.5 million were children.
Manufacturing Sector was the largest employer providing employment to 25.5 million (25.25%) persons. This was followed by 25.1 million persons (24.91%) in retail trading activity and 9.2 million (9.13%) in Farming of Animals.
Average employment per own account establishment was 1.33 and that per Establishment with hired workers was 4.38. Overall, average employment per establishment was 2.41 persons. Average employment per establishment which was 2.88 in 1990 had come down to 2.75 in 1998 and further gone down to 2.41 in 2005.
Distribution of establishments by size class of employments revealed that around 95% of establishments were having 1 to 5 workers, 3.42% of establishments employed 6 to 9 workers and only 1.51% of establishments employed 10 workers and above.
Among the States maximum growth rate of establishment during 1998-2005 was oserved in Mizoram (9.71%) followed closely by Tripura (8.88%), Kerala (8.69%) and Tamil Nadu (8.44%). Highest growth rate of employment was, however, observed in Jammu & Kashmir (6.82%) followed by Andhra Pradesh (5.87%), Kerala (5.86%) and Haryana (5.35%).
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